Identifying Rule Utilitarianism- A Comparative Analysis of Ethical Perspectives

Which of the following represents rule utilitarianism?

Rule utilitarianism is a moral theory that evaluates the morality of actions based on the general rules they would produce if universally applied. This theory, which is a variant of utilitarianism, differs from act utilitarianism by focusing on the outcomes of rules rather than the outcomes of individual actions. To determine which of the following options represents rule utilitarianism, let’s examine each one.

Option A: “An action is morally right if it maximizes overall happiness for the greatest number of people.”

This option represents act utilitarianism, not rule utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of individual actions rather than the consequences of rules.

Option B: “A rule is morally right if it tends to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people over time.”

This option represents rule utilitarianism. It emphasizes the long-term consequences of rules rather than the immediate consequences of individual actions.

Option C: “An action is morally right if it is consistent with the moral principles that have been universally accepted by society.”

This option represents a form of deontological ethics, which is not utilitarianism. Deontological ethics focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, rather than their consequences.

Option D: “A rule is morally right if it promotes fairness and justice among individuals.”

This option represents a form of virtue ethics, which is not utilitarianism. Virtue ethics focuses on the character and virtues of individuals, rather than the consequences of rules.

In conclusion, option B represents rule utilitarianism, as it focuses on the long-term consequences of rules and their overall impact on happiness.